![]() ![]() At normal doses, use is regarded as safe in pregnancy and breastfeeding. Blood calcium levels should be measured when used and extra care should be taken in those with a history of kidney stones. When taken by mouth side effects may include constipation and nausea. Side effects when injected include slow heart rate, pain at the site of injection, and low blood pressure. It can also be taken by mouth but is not recommended for injection into a muscle. Supplementation may be done to treat or prevent osteoporosis or rickets. Supplementation is generally only required when there is not enough calcium in the diet. As a medication it is used by injection into a vein to treat low blood calcium, high blood potassium, and magnesium toxicity. These observations warrant further investigations in laboratory and clinical settings.Calcium gluconate is the calcium salt of gluconic acid and is used as a mineral supplement and medication. We were unable to draw conclusions regarding oxytocin-pretreated myometrium because of the small sample size relative to the large variability of the data. In oxytocin-naive myometrium, normocalcemia provides superior oxytocin-induced contractility compared with hypocalcemic and hypercalcemic conditions. In the oxytocin-pretreated group, there were no significant differences in the values of any of the contractility parameters of the hypocalcemic or hypercalcemic groups compared with the normocalcemic group (mean motility index estimated difference, 0.10 95% CI, -0.23 to 0.43 P = 0.74 and -0.39 95% CI, -1.10 to 0.32 P = 0.39, respectively). In addition, the mean frequency of contractions (√contractions/10 min) was significantly lower in the hypocalcemic (estimated difference, -0.27 95% CI, -0.46 to -0.09 P = 0.002) and hypercalcemic groups (estimated difference, -0.18 95% CI, -0.34 to -0.02 P = 0.03) compared with the normocalcemic group. contractions/10 min) was significantly lower in the hypocalcemic group than in the normocalcemic group (estimated difference, -0.43 95% confidence interval, -0.82 to -0.04 P = 0.03). ![]() In the control group, the mean motility index (√g One hundred seventy-four experiments were conducted from samples obtained from 36 women. The primary outcome was motility index (frequency × amplitude), and secondary outcomes included frequency, amplitude, and area under the curve. Contractile parameters were measured and compared among groups after square root transformation. After equilibration in the desired calcium concentration, a dose-response testing to oxytocin 10 M to 10 M was performed. The tissue was then washed with PSS, and calcium concentrations were altered to reflect low (1.25 mM), normal (2.5 mM), or high (3.75 mM) levels, thereby providing 6 study groups. Each strip was mounted in a single organ bath with physiological salt solution (PSS) under homeostatic conditions and then pretreated for 2 hours with either oxytocin 10 M or PSS (control). Myometrial tissue was obtained from women undergoing elective cesarean deliveries and was dissected into longitudinal strips. We hypothesized that extracellular normocalcemia would provide superior oxytocin-induced contractility in both naive and oxytocin-pretreated myometrium compared with hypocalcemia and hypercalcemia. We aimed to investigate the effect of low, normal, and high extracellular calcium concentration on oxytocin-induced contractility in oxytocin-pretreated human myometrium in vitro. The importance of extracellular calcium is well established in spontaneous myometrial contractility however, its significance is unknown in the context of desensitized myometrium. Prolonged exposure to oxytocin during augmentation of labor is a significant risk factor for uterine atony, resulting in the desensitization phenomenon, a decrease in the responsiveness of myometrium to further oxytocin.
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